Online Interactive Archive: Ethnographic Monographs before Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1870–1922)

This article introduces an expandable research bibliography of over 365 monographs by 220 ethnographers working in the fifty years preceding the publication of Malinowski’s classic 1922 monograph, Argonauts of the Western Pacific, in the years between 1870 to 1922.

An earlier version of this text and resource was published as “Appendix: Selected Bibliography of Ethnographic Accounts, 1870–1922” in Frederico Delgado Rosa and Han F. Vermeulen, eds., Ethnographers Before Malinowski: Pioneers of Anthropological Fieldwork, 1870–1922, EASA Series 44 (New York: Berghahn, 2022), 474–501. For a wide-ranging discussion of this book (with the participation of Sophie Chevalier, Barbara Chambers Dawson, Thomas Hylland Eriksen, Michael Kraus, Adam Kuper, Herbert S. Lewis, Andrew Lyons, David Mills, David Shankland, James Urry, and Rosemary Lévy Zumwalt), please see this link at BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology: “Before and After Malinowski: Alternative Views on the History of Anthropology [A Virtual Round Table at the Royal Anthropological Institute, London, 7 July 2022].”

Those wishing to share their knowledge of further references—i.e. ethnographic monographs published in book form or of book length (over 100 pages) in the period 1870–1922 or resulting from fieldwork carried out in the same period—are cordially invited to participate. Please either contact the authors or add the bibliographical information directly in the “Leave a Comment” box at the end of this page.

Introduction

In the first edition of his History of Anthropology (1910: 103), Alfred Cort Haddon paid tribute to missionaries of the nineteenth century for their contributions to the growth of ethnology. He mentioned eight cases of missionary ethnographers, namely Jean-Antoine Dubois (1765–1848), William Ellis (1794–1872), John Williams (1796–1839), David Livingstone (1813–73), Évariste-Régis Huc (1813–60), George Turner (1818–91), William Wyatt Gill (1828–96), and Henry Callaway (1817–90). In the second edition of 1934, reprinted in 1949, Haddon added a paragraph saying that the “increasingly valuable” contributions of missionaries responded to “the modern requirements of ethnology” (Haddon 1934: 102–3). As an illustration, he selected “but a very few” representatives of this trend: Henri-Alexandre Junod (1863–1934), John Roscoe (1861–1932), and Carl Strehlow (1871–1922). No names were evoked of other colonial agents, and thus Haddon kept the following words unchanged: “Besides the missionaries, we owe a deep debt of gratitude to the early explorers and civil servants in all parts of the world, who have provided, consciously or unconsciously, a vast amount of information about the peoples among whom they travelled or over whom they ruled” (Haddon 1910: 1034; 1934: 103). Not counting the “further material” acquired by scientific expeditions, “even before these were undertaken in the interests of anthropology,” he acknowledged the historical importance of nonprofessional ethnographers in the following manner: “Such varied data, often of unequal value, have formed the foundation on which the science of ethnology has been and is being laboriously built” (Haddon 1934, 1949: 103; our emphasis).

As interesting as such lists are, they always exclude work by other ethnographers. For instance, Haddon did not mention the following eight monographs on Africa authored by three colonial administrators and army officers: The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa (1887), The Ewe-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast (1890), and The Yoruba-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa (1894) by Alfred Burdon Ellis (1852–94); The Masai (1905) and The Nandi (1909) by Alfred Claud Hollis (1874–1961); and The Tailed Head-Hunters of Nigeria (1912), Hausa Superstitions and Customs (1913), and The Ban of the Bori (1914) by Arthur John Newman Tremearne (1877–1915).

Prepared during the professionalization of ethnography in the United Kingdom, Haddon’s short list can be taken as a sample of what the present bibliography aims at. Both intersecting with and complementing his selection, other short lists exist. In The Rise of Anthropological Theory (1968), for example, Marvin Harris made a “brief analysis” of the sources in Edward Tylor’s Researches into the Early History of Mankind (1865). Along with the “poorly qualified travelers or missionaries,” there were “trained and skilled observers” such as William Mariner (1791–1853), Thomas Williams (1815–91), and Eugène Casalis (1812–91). From the late 1920s, Margaret Mead’s personal selection of monographs of the period included The Baganda (1911) by John Roscoe and The Cheyenne Indians (1923) by George Bird Grinnell (1849–1938)—alongside The Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922) by Bronisław Malinowski and The Todas (1906) by W. H. R. Rivers. In After Tylor (1995), George W. Stocking Jr. enumerated eight anthropologists who were trained in British academia to undertake “the intensive study of a limited area before the Great War” (1995: 117–19). He also made reference to colonial officers with no academic training in anthropology who collected ethnographic materials in the same period or after World War I, but he paid more attention to those who received diplomas or took courses in anthropology, such as Hubert Murray (1861–1940), Charles Kingsley Meek (1885–1965), or Robert S. Rattray (1881–1938). Focusing on monographs written by English-speaking authors, such lists did not necessarily consider authors from other language areas.

The following bibliography of 365 ethnographic accounts by 220 ethnographers tries to correct the one-sidedness of the all-too-short lists from the Anglo-Saxon part of the ethnographic archive. Far from being exhaustive, it is a selection from the period c. 1870 to c. 1922, based on our own perusal of the discipline’s archive, with a focus on texts published in book form or of book length. We were assisted by colleagues from Brazil, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Russia, Lithuania, India, Japan, and China specializing in the history of area studies. It would be possible to expand this sample by exploring the vast literature of specific ethnographic traditions, for example the collection of Russian oral literature following the pioneer work of Alexander Afanasyev (1826–71); by giving the full series of monographs sponsored by a single institution, for example the Field Columbian Museum; by listing all monographs produced by a single author, for example the 25 volumes of Italian folklorist Giuseppe Pitrè’s (1841–1916) “Biblioteca delle tradizioni popolari siciliane” (1870–1913); or by adding shorter ethnographic articles, not to mention unpublished manuscripts.

Expanding the time frame would also increase the size of our selection. Moreover, the history of the very notion of ethnography from the earliest records in the eighteenth century (see Vermeulen, 2015) reveals that conflating ethnography with fieldwork leaves aside other kinds of Völker-Beschreibung (description of peoples and nations), from statistical questionnaires to armchair compilations of first-hand sources, an abundant nineteenth-century literature that is routinely left unconsidered. Therefore, the list presented below focuses on texts resulting from their authors’ own ethnographic fieldwork (albeit including, in some cases, complementary materials produced by others), with a monographic focus on a single group or various groups within a relatively circumscribed cultural region. Compilations of oral texts, or corpora inscriptionum, have also been selected. With a few exceptions, only first editions are considered. Articles shorter than one hundred pages were not included.

The chosen monographs and other ethnographic accounts, whether by professional or amateur ethnographers, are not necessarily the most important from the period under consideration—after Tylor and before Malinowski—nor are they inescapable references, for the simple reason that there are many angles from which to reassess them. Pre-Malinowskian ethnographies are a fundamental part of the history of ethnography and anthropology, each account containing several layers of meaning, style, and content that inspire open-ended readings and are projectable into the future. Considering the vast scope of the archive, a selection of ethnographic texts from the period can never be final, let alone complete, thus only a tentative experiment in a process that will be resumed, transformed, and criticized by future researchers.

Works cited:

A.C. Haddon, History of Anthropology London: Putnam, 1910 (1934, 1949).

Stocking, George W. Jr., After Tylor: British Anthropology 1888–1951. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1998.

Harris, Marvin. The Rise of Anthropological Theory: A History of Theories of Culture. New York: Cromwell, 1968.

Bibliography of Ethnographic Monographs, 1870-1922

Ajisafe, Ajayi Kolawole. 1924. Laws and Customs of the Yoruba People. London: G. Routledge & Sons.

Arsen’ev, Vladimir K. 1921. Po Ussuriiskomu kraiu (Dersu Uzala): Puteshestvie v gornoi oblasti Sikhote-Alin’ [Through the Ussuri Krai (Dersu Uzala): A journey in the mountainous region of Sikhote-Alin]. Vladivostok: Ekho.

Arsen’ev, Vladimir K. 1923. Dersu Uzala: Iz vospominanii o puteshestvii po Ussuriiskomu kraiu v 1907 g. [Dersu Uzala: From memories after the journey through the Ussuri Krai in 1907]. Vladivostok: Svobodnaia Rossiia.

Bastian, Adolf. 1866–71. Die Völker des östlichen Asien [The peoples of East Asia]. 6 vols. Leipzig: Otto Wigand/Jena: Hermann Costenoble.

Bastian, Adolf. 1874–75. Die deutsche Expedition an der Loango-Küste, nebst älteren Nachrichten über die zu erforschenden Länder [The German expedition to the Loango Coast, with earlier reports about the countries to be explored]. 2 vols. Jena: Costenoble.

Bastian, Adolf. 1878–89. Die Culturländer des Alten Amerika [The cultural centers of ancient America]. 3 vols. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.

Bastian, Adolf. 1881. Die heilige Sage der Polynesier. Kosmogonie und Theogonie [The sacred saga of the Polynesians: Cosmogony and theogony]. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus.

Beckwith, Martha Warren. 1919. “The Hawaiian Romance of Laieikawai” [with ethnological notes collected in the field]. In Thirty-Third Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology Presented to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1911–12, 285–666. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Bell, Gertrude L. 1907. The Desert and the Sown. London: William Heinemann.

Bérenger-Féraud, Laurent-Jean-Baptiste de. 1879. Les Peuplades de la Sénégambie: Histoire, ethnographie, mœurs et coutumes, etc. [The peoples of Senegambia: History, ethnography, customs and manners, etc.] Paris: Ernest Leroux.

Bérenger-Féraud, Laurent-Jean-Baptiste de. 1883a. La Race provençale: Caractères anthropologiques, mœurs, coutumes, aptitudes, etc., etc., de ses peuplades d’origine [The race of the Provence: Anthropological characteristics, manners, customs, aptitudes, etc., of its native peoples]. Paris: O. Doin.

Bérenger-Féraud, Laurent-Jean-Baptiste de. 1883b. Réminiscences populaires de la Provence [Folk reminiscences of the Provence]. Paris: Ernest Leroux.

Bérenger-Féraud, Laurent-Jean-Baptiste de. 1885. Recueil de contes populaires de la Sénégambie [Collection of folk tales from Senegambia]. Paris: Ernest Leroux.

Best, Elsdon. 1897. Waikare-moana: The Sea of the Rippling Waters.Wellington: Government Printer.

Best, Elsdon. 1924a. The Maori. 2 vols. Wellington: Harry H. Tombs.

Best, Elsdon. 1924b. Maori Religion and Mythology. Wellington: Dominion Museum, the Government Printer.

Best, Elsdon. 1924c. The Maori as He Was. Wellington: Government Printer.

Best, Elsdon. 1925. Tuhoe: The Children of the Mist. 2 vols. New Plymouth, New Zealand: Thomas Avery & Sons.

Bleek, Wilhelm. 1870. Reineke Fuchs in Afrika: Fabeln und Märchen der Eingeborenen [Reynard the Fox in Africa: Native fables and fairy tales]. Weimar: Hermann Böhlau.

Bleek, Wilhelm. 1875. A Brief Account of Bushman Folk-Lore, and Other Texts. Cape Town/London/Leipzig: J. C. Juta/Trübner & Co./F. A. Brockhaus.

Bleek, Wilhelm, and Lucy Lloyd. 1911. Specimens of Bushman Folklore. Introduction by George McCall Theal. London: George Allen and Co.

Boas, Franz. 1888. “The Central Eskimo.” In Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1884–’85, 399–669. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Boas, Franz. 1894. Chinook Texts. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 20).

Boas, Franz. 1895. Indianische Sagen von der Nord-Pacifischen Küste Amerikas [Indian legends from the North Pacific Coast of America] (offprint from Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte 23[8] [1891–1895]: vi + 363 pp.). Berlin: Verlag von A. Asher & Co.

Boas, Franz. 1897. The Social Organization and the Secret Societies of the Kwakiutl Indians. Based on Personal Observations and on Notes made by Mr. George Hunt. Report of the U.S. National Museum for 1895, 311–738, 215 ills.

Boas, Franz. 1898. The Mythology of the Bella Coola Indians. New York: Published by Order of the Trustees [AMNH] (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 2/1, Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 1: 25–127).

Boas, Franz. 1901a. Kathlamet Texts. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 26).

Boas, Franz. 1901b. The Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay: From Notes Collected by Capt. George Comer, Capt. James S. Mutch, and Rev. E. J. Peck. New York: Published by Order of the Trustees [AMNH] (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 15/1: 1–370).

Boas, Franz. 1902. Tsimshian Texts. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 27: 1–244.)

Boas, Franz. 1907. Second Report on the Eskimo of Baffin Land and Hudson Bay. New York: Published by Order of the Trustees [AMNH]. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 15/2, 371–570.)

Boas, Franz. 1909. The Kwakiutl of Vancouver Island. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert & Co. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 8/2; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 5/2, 301–522.)

Boas, Franz. 1910–35. Kwakiutl Tales. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press/Leiden: E. J. Brill. (Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology 2 and 26.)

Boas, Franz. 1912. Tsimshian Texts. New Series. Leiden: E. J. Brill. (Publications of the American Ethnological Society).

Boas, Franz, and Alexander Chamberlain. 1918. Kutenai Tales. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 59, xii + 387 pp.)

Boas, Franz, and Henry Wellington Tate. 1916. “Tsimshian Mythology: Based on Texts Recorded by Henry W. Tate.” In Thirty-First Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology Presented to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1909–1910, 27–1036. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Boas, Franz, and George Hunt. 1905. Kwakiutl Texts. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 5; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, 3, vii + 532 pp.)

Boas, Franz, and George Hunt. 1906. Kwakiutl Texts, Second Series. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 14/1; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 10/1: vi + 269 pp.)

Boas, Franz, and George Hunt. 1921. “Ethnology of the Kwakiutl. Based on Data Collected by George Hunt.” In Thirty-Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology Presented to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, parts 1 and 2, 42–794, i–xi [index]. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovich [Bogoras, Waldemar]. 1900. Materialy po izucheniiu chukotskogo iazyka i fol’klora, sobrannye v Kolymskom okruge V.G. Bogorazom [Materials for the study of the Chukchee language and folklore, collected in the Kolyma District by V.G. Bogoraz]. Part 1. St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaia akademiia nauk.

Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovich [Bogoras, Waldemar]. 1904–9. The Chukchee. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert & Co. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 11; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, 7/1–3; part 1: Material Culture, part 2: Religion, part 3: Social Organization).

Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovich [Bogoras, Waldemar]. 1910. Chukchee Mythology. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert & Co. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 12/1; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 8/1). 

Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovich [Bogoras, Waldemar]. 1913. The Eskimo of Siberia. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert & Co. (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 12/3; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 8/3).

Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovich [Bogoras, Waldemar]. 1917. Koryak Texts. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert & Co. (Publications of the American Ethnological Society, 5).

Bogoraz, Vladimir Germanovich [Bogoras, Waldemar]. 1918. Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russionized Natives of Eastern Siberia. New York: Published by Order of the Trustees [AMNH] (Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 20/1).

Bonwick, James. 1870. The Last of the Tasmanians; or, the Black War of Van Diemen’s Land. London: Sampson Low & Co.

Bonwick, James. 1870. The Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians. London: Sampson Low and Marston.

Borie, Pierre-Henri Dumoulin. 1886. La presqu’île de Malacca, les Malais et les sauvages. Tulle: Imprimerie de J. Mazeyrie.

Bourke, John Gregory. 1884. The Snake-Dance of the Moquis of Arizona. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington.

Breeks, James Wilkinson. 1873. An Account of the Primitive Tribes and Monuments of the Nilagiris. Edited with a preface by S. M. Breeks. London, India Museum: W. H. Allen and Co.

Busk, Rachel Harriette. 1870. Patrañas or Spanish Stories, Legendary and Traditional. London: Gilbert and Rivington.

Busk, Rachel Harriette. 1871. Household Stories from the Land of Hofer; or, Popular Myths of Tirol. London: Griffith and Farran.

Busk, Rachel Harriette. 1874a. Valleys of Tirol: Their Traditions and Customs and How to Visit Them. London: Longmans, Green and Co.

Busk, Rachel Harriette. 1874b. The Folk-Lore of Rome, Collected by Word of Mouth from the People. London: Longmans, Green and Co.

Busk, Rachel Harriette. 1887. The Folk-Songs of Italy: Specimens with Translations and Notes, from Each Province. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.

Calder, James Erskine. 1875. Some Account of the Wars, Extirpation, Habits, etc., of the Native Tribes of Tasmania. Hobart: Fullers Bookshop.

Callaway, Henry. 1868. Nursery Tales, Traditions, and Histories of the Zulus in Their Own Words. Springvale, Natal: J. A. Blair/London: Trübner.

Callaway, Henry. 1868–70 The Religious System of the Amazulu. 3 vols. Springvale, Natal: John A. Blair/Cape Town: J. C. Juta/London: Trübner.

Carvalho, Henrique Augusto Dias de. 1890a. Etnografia e história tradicional dos povos da Lunda [Ethnography and traditional history of the Lunda peoples]. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional.

Carvalho, Henrique Augusto Dias de. 1890b [1890–94]. Descrição da viagem à mussumba do Muatiânvua [Description of the voyage to the Mwant Yaav’s mussumba]. 4 vols. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional.

Carvalho, Henrique Augusto Dias de. 1890c. Método prático para falar a língua da Lunda contendo narrações históricas dos diversos povos [A practical method for speaking the Lunda language, with historical accounts of the various peoples]. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional.

Carvalho, Henrique Augusto Dias de. 1898. O Jagado de Cassange na província de Angola [The Kasanje Jaga kingdom in the Province of Angola]. Lisbon: Tipografia de Cristóvão Augusto Rodrigues.

Chubinskii, Pavel Platonovich. 1872–78. Trudy Etnografichesko-statisticheskoi ekspeditsii v Zapadno-russkii krai, snariazhennoi Russkim geograficheskim obshchestvom [Works of the ethnographic and statistical expedition to the Western-Russian krai, organized by the Russian Geographical Society]. 7 vols. St. Petersburg: Russkoe Geograficheskoe obshchestvo.

Clifford, Hugh C. 1897. In Court and Kampong; Being Tales & Sketches of Native Life in the Malay Peninsula. London: Grant Richards.

Codrington, Robert Henry. 1891. The Melanesians: Studies in Their Anthropology and Folk-Lore. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Cole, Fay-Cooper. 1913. The Wild Tribes of Davao District, Mindanao. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History (Anthropological Series 12/2).

Corso, Raffaele. 1920. L’arte dei pastori [The art of shepherds]. Roma: Edizioni La Fionda. 

Crooke, William. 1890. An Ethnographical Hand-Book for the North-Western Provinces and Oudh. Allahabad: Government Press.

Crooke, William. 1896. The Tribes and Castes of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh. 4 vols. Calcutta: Government Printing.

Crooke, William. 1897. The North-Western Provinces of India: Their History, Ethnology and Administration. London: Methuen.

Curtin, Jeremiah, and John Napoleon Brinton Hewitt. 1918. “Seneca Fiction, Legends, and Myths.” In Thirty-Second Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology Presented to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 37–814. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Cushing, Frank Hamilton. 1883. Zuñi Fetishes (extract from the Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Cushing, Frank Hamilton. 1896. “Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths.” In Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1891–’92, 321–447. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Cushing, Frank Hamilton. 1901. Zuñi Folk Tales. Introduction by John Wesley Powell. New York/London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

Czaplicka, Maria. 1916. My Siberian Year. London: Mills and Boon.

Dannert, Eduard. 1906. Zum Rechte der Herero, insbesondere über ihr Familien- und Erbrecht [On Herero law, especially their family and inheritance law]. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.

Davis, Charles Oliver. 1876. The Life and Times of Patuone, the Celebrated Ngapuhi Chief. Auckland: J. H. Field.

Delafosse, Maurice. 1908-09. “Le peuple siena ou senoufo”, Revue des Etudes ethnologiques et sociologiques, Vol. 1: 16-32, 79-92, 151-59, 242-75, 448-57, 483-86; Vol. II: 1-21.

Delhaise, Charles. 1909. Les Warega (Congo Belge). With a preface by C. Van Overbergh. Brussels: Albert Dewit.

Dennett, Richard Edward. 1898. Notes on the Folklore of the Fjort (French Congo). Introduction by Mary H. Kingsley. London: David Nutt.

Dorsey, George Amos. 1903. The Arapaho Sun Dance: The Ceremony of the Offerings Lodge. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum (Field Columbian Museum Publication 75, Anthropological Series 4).

Dorsey, George Amos. 1903. The Cheyenne. Vol. 1: Ceremonial Organization. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum (Field Columbian Museum Publication 99, IX[1]).

Dorsey, George Amos. 1905. The Cheyenne. Vol. 2: The Sun Dance. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum (Field Columbian Museum Publication 103, IX[2]).

Dorsey, George Amos, and Alfred L. Kroeber. 1903. Traditions of the Arapaho. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum (Field Columbian Museum Publications 81/5).

Dorsey, George Amos, and Heinrich (Henry) Richard Voth. 1902. The Mishongnovi Ceremonies of the Snake and Antelope Fraternities (The Stanley McCormick Hopi Expedition). Chicago: Field Columbian Museum (Field Columbian Museum Publication 66, Anthropological Series III/3).

Dorsey, James Owen. 1884. “Omaha Sociology.” Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology Presented to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 205–370. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Dorsey, James Owen. 1897. “A Study of Siouan Cults.” In Eleventh Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1889–’90 by J. W. Powell, Director, 361–544. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Doutté, Edmond. 1914. Missions au Maroc: En tribu [Missions in Morocco: Within the tribe]. Paris: Paul Geuthner.

Durham, Mary Edith. 1909. High Albania. London: Edward Arnold.

Efimenko, Petr Savvich. 1877–78. Materialy po etnografii russkogo naseleniia Arkhangel’skoi gubernii, sobrannye P.S. Efimenkom [Materials on ethnography of the Russian population of the Arkhangelsk region collected by P. S. Efimenko]. 2 parts. Moscow: Tipografiia F. B. Millera.

Ehrenreich, Paul. 1891. Beiträge zur Völkerkunde Brasiliens [Contributions to the ethnology of Brazil]. Berlin: Spemann (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Königlichen Museum für Völkerkunde 2, 1/2).

Dorsey, James Owen. 1905. Die Mythen und Legenden der südamerikanischen Urvölker und ihre Beziehungen zu denen Nordamerikas und der alten Welt [Myths and legends of the Indigenous peoples of South America and their relations with those of North America and the Old World]. Berlin: Asher (Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, Band 37, Supplement).

Ellis, Alfred Burdon, 1887. The Tshi-Speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, etc. London: Chapman and Hall.

Ellis, Alfred Burdon, 1890. The Ewe-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, etc. London: Chapman and Hall

Ellis, Alfred Burdon, 1894. The Yoruba-Speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast of West Africa: Their Religion, Manners, Customs, Laws, Languages, etc., with an Appendix Containing a Comparison of the Tshi, Ga, Ewe, and Yoruba Languages. London: Chapman and Hall.

Endle, Sidney. 1911. The Kacháris. Introduction by J. D. Anderson. London: Macmillan & Co.

Erdland, August. 1914. Die Marshall-Insulaner: Leben und Sitte, Sinn und Religion eines Südsee-Volkes [The Marshall Islanders: Life and customs, manners and religion of a South Sea people]. Münster: Aschendorff (Anthropos-Bibliothek 2/1).

Evans, Ivor Hugh Norman. 1923. Studies in Religion, Folk-lore, & Custom in British North Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Fewkes, Jesse Walter. 1903. “Hopi Katcinas Drawn by Native Artists.” In Twenty-First Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1899–1900, 13–126. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Fewkes, Jesse Walter. 1986 [1894–98]. Hopi Snake Ceremonies. Albuquerque, NM: Avanyu.

Finnamore, Gennaro. 1890. Credenze, usi e costumi abruzzesi [Abruzzo beliefs, customs, and traditions]. Palermo: Libreria Internazionale L. Pedone Lauriel di Carlo Clausen. 

Finsch, Otto. 1865. Neu-Guinea und seine Bewohner [New Guinea and its inhabitants]. Bremen: C. Ed. Müller.

Finsch, Otto. 1914. Südseearbeiten: Gewerbe- und Kunstfleiß, Tauschmittel und “Geld” der Eingeborenen auf Grundlage der Rohstoffe und der geographischen Verbreitung [South Sea trades: Indigenous trade and artistry, means of exchange, and “money” based on raw materials and geographical distribution]. Hamburg: L. Friedrichsen & Co.

Fison, Lorimer. 1904. Tales from Old Fiji. London: Alexander Moring, the De La More Press.

Fison, Lorimer, and Alfred William Howitt. 1880. Kamilaroi and Kurnai: Group-Marriage and Relationship, and Marriage by Elopement, Drawn Chiefly from the Usage of the Australian Aborigines; Also the Kurnai Tribe, Their Customs in Peace and War. Melbourne/Sydney/Adelaide/Brisbane: George Robinson.

Fletcher, Alice Cunningham, and Francis La Flesche. 1911. “The Omaha Tribe.” In Twenty-Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology 1905–’06 , 17–672. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Government Printing Office.

Fletcher, Alice C., and James R. Murie. 1904. “The Hako: A Pawnee Ceremony.” In Twenty-Second Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1900–’01, 1–368.Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Government Printing Office.

Fornander, Abraham. 1878–86. An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origin and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I. 3 vols. London: Trübner and Co.

Freeman, Richard Austin. 1898. Travels and Life in Ashanti and Jaman. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Co.

Gatschet, Albert Samuel. 1884. A Migration Legend of the Creek Indians, with a Linguistic, Historic and Ethnographic Introduction. Philadelphia: D. G. Brinton (Brinton’s Library of Aboriginal American Literature 1).

Gatschet, Albert Samuel. 1888. “Tchikilli’s Kasi’hta Legend in the Creek and Hitchiti Languages.” Transactions of the Saint Louis Academy of Sciences 5: 33–239.

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Rémy, Jules. 1868. Contributions of a Venerable Savage to the Ancient History of the Hawaiian Islands. Translated from the French by William Tufts Brigham. Boston: A. A. Kingman, Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History.

Reyes y Florentino, Isabelo de los. 1889–90. El Folk-Lore Filipino [Philippine folk-lore]. 2 vols. Manila: TipoLitografía de Chofré y Cía, Imprenta de Santa Cruz.

Riggs, Stephen Return. 1893. Dakota Grammar, Texts and Ethnography. Edited by James Owen Dorsey. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Rink, Henry [Hinrich Johannes]. 1875. Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo—with a Sketch of Their Habits, Religion, Language, and Other Peculiarities. London: William Blackwood & Sons.

Rink, Henry [Hinrich Johannes]. 1887–91. The Eskimo Tribes: Their Distribution and Characteristics, Especially in Regard to Language; With a Comparative Vocabulary and a Sketch-Map. 2 vols. London: Williams and Norgate/Copenhagen: C. A. Reitzel.

Risley, Herbert H. 1891. The Tribes and Castes of Bengal: Ethnographic Glossary. 2 vols. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press

Risley, Herbert H. 1915 [1908]. The People of India. Revised edition, W. Crooke. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink.

Rivers, William Halse Rivers. 1906. The Todas. London: Macmillan and Co.

Rivers, William Halse Rivers. 1914. The History of Melanesian Society. Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to Melanesia. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rodrigues, Raimundo Nina. 1900 [1896–97]. L’Animisme fétichiste des nègres de Bahia [Fetishist animism of the Black people of Bahia]. Salvador: Reis & Companhia.

Roquette-Pinto, Edgard. 1912. Nota sobre os índios nambiquaras do Brasil Central [Notes on the Nambikwara Indians of Central Brazil]. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro.

Roquette-Pinto, Edgard. 1917. Rondonia: Anthropologia, Ethnographia. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional.

Roscoe, John. 1911. The Baganda: An Account of Their Native Customs and Beliefs. London: Macmillan and Co.

Roth, Henry Ling. 1878. A Sketch of the Agriculture and Peasantry of Eastern Russia. London: Ballière, Tindale & Cox.

Roth, Henry Ling. 1896. The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo: Based Chiefly on the Mss. of the Late Hugh Brooke Low, Sarawak Government Service. Preface by Andrew Lang. 2 vols. London: Truslove & Hanson.

Roth, Henry Ling. 1903. Great Benin: Its Customs, Art and Horrors. Halifax: F. King & Sons.

Roth, Walter Edmund. 1897. Ethnological Studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines. Brisbane/London: Edmund Gregory, Queensland Agent-General’s Office.

Roth, Walter Edmund. 1908–10. “North Queensland Ethnography.” Bulletin no. 10–17. Miscellaneous Papers. Records of the Australian Museum 7 and 8.

Roth, Walter Edmund. 1915. “An Inquiry into the Animism and Folk-lore of the Guiana Indians.” In Thirtieth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1909–1910, 103–386. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Roth, Walter Edmund. 1924. “An Introductory Study of the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guiana Indians.” In Thirty-Eight Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1916–1917, 25–720. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Roy, Sarat Chandra. 1912. The Mundas and Their Country. Introduction by E. A. Gait. Calcutta: The Kuntaline Press/The City Book Society.

Russell, Frank. 1908. “The Pima Indians.” In Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1904–1905, 3–389. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Salomone Marini, Salvatore. 1880. Leggende popolari siciliane in poesie [Sicilian folk legends in poetry]. Palermo: Luigi Pedone Lauriel Editore.

Sapir, Edward, and Jeremiah Curtin. 1909. Wishram Texts (Together with Wasco Tales and Myths, Collected by Jeremiah Curtin and Edited by Edward Sapir). Leiden: E. J. Brill (Publications of the American Ethnological Society 2).

Schmidt, Max. 1905. Indianerstudien in Zentralbrasilien: Erlebnisse und ethnologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in den Jahren 1900 bis 1901 [Indian studies in Central Brazil: Encounters and ethnological results of a journey in the years 1900 to 1901]. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen).

Schmidt, Max. 1917. Die Aruaken: Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Kulturverbreitung [The Arawak: A contribution to the problem of culture diffusion]. Leipzig: Veit und Comp. Portuguese translation São Paulo 2021.

Sébillot, Paul. 1880. Contes populaires de la Haute-Bretagne [Folk tales of Upper Brittany]. Paris: Charpentier.

Sébillot, Paul. 1881. Littérature orale de la Haute-Bretagne [Oral literature of Upper Brittany]. Paris: Maisonneuve.

Sébillot, Paul. 1882. Traditions, et superstitions de la Haute-Bretagne [Traditions and superstitions of Upper Brittany]. 2 vols. Paris: Maisonneuve.

Seligmann, Charles Gabriel. 1910. The Melanesians of British New Guinea. With a chapter by F. R. Barton and an appendix by E. L. Giblin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Seligman, Charles G., and Brenda Z. Seligman. 1911. The Veddas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Seroshevskii, Vatslav Leopol’dovich. 1896. Iakuty: Opyt etnograficheskogo [The Jakuts: Outline of an ethnographic study]. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: Russkoe geograficheskoe obshchestvo.

Shakespear, John. 1912. The Lushei Kuki Clans. London: Macmillan & Co.

Shirokogorov, Sergei Mikhailovich [Shirokogoroff, S. M.] 1919. Opyt issledovaniya osnov shamansta u tungusov [Effort to study the basics of shamanism of the Tungus]. Vladivostok: Tipografiia Oblastnoi Zemskoi Upravi.

Shortland, Edward. 1882. Maori Religion and Mythology: Illustrated by Translations of Traditions, Karakia, &c., to Which Are Added Notes on Maori Tenure of Land. London, Longmans, Green, and Co.

Shternberg, Lev Iakovlevich. 1904. “Gilyaki” [The Gilyak]. Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie [Ethnographic Review] 60: 1–42; 61: 19–55; 63: 66–119.

Shternberg, Lev Iakovlevich. 1908. Materialy po izucheniiu giliatskogo iazyka i fol’klora, sobrannye i obrabotannye L.Ia. Shternbergom [Materials for the study of the Gilyak language and folklore, collected and adapted by L. I. Shternberg]. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskaia akademiia nauk.

Shternberg, Lev Iakovlevich. 1999. The Social Organization of the Gilyak. Edited by Bruce Grant. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

Skeat, Walter William. 1900. Malay Magic, Being an Introduction to the Folklore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula. Preface by Charles Otto Blagden. London: MacMillan and Co./New York: The MacMillan Company.

Skeat, Walter William, and Charles Otto Blagden. 1906. Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula. 2 vols. London: Macmillan & Co. 

Smith, Edwin William, and Andre Murray Dale. 1920. The Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia. 2 vols. London: Macmillan and Co.

Smith, Stephenson Percy. 1904 [1898]. Hawaiki: The Original Home of the Maori, with a Sketch of Polynesian History, Being an Introduction to the Native History of Rarotonga. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs.

Smith, Stephenson Percy. 1910 [1904]. Maori Wars of the Nineteenth Century: The Struggle of the Northern against the Southern Maori Tribes prior to the Colonisation of New Zealand in 1840. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs.

Smith, Stephenson Percy. 1910. History and Traditions of the Maoris of the West Coast, North Island of New Zealand prior to 1840. Wellington: The Polynesian Society.

Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan. 1888–89. Mekka. 2 vols. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Separate vol. Bilder-Atlas. The Hague: Nijhoff. English translation of vol. 2: Mekka in the Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century: Daily Life, Customs and Learning, the Moslims of the East-Indian Archipelago. Leiden: E. J. Brill/London: Luzac & Co. 1931.

Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan. 1893–94. De Atjèhers [The Achenese]. 2 vols. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij/Leiden: E. J. Brill. English translation of vol. 1, Leiden 1906. Indonesian translation, 1985.

Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan. 1903. Het Gajoland en zijne bewoners [The land of the Gajonese and its inhabitants]. Batavia: Landsdrukkerij.

Soppitt, C. A. 1887. A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes on the North-East Frontier, with an Outline Grammar of the Ranghol-Lushai Language and Comparison of Lushai with Other Dialects. Shillong: Assam Secretariat Press.

Spencer, Baldwin, and Francis James Gillen. 1899. The Native Tribes of Central Australia. London: Macmillan and Co.

Spencer, Baldwin, and Francis James Gillen. 1904. The Northern Tribes of Central Australia. London: Macmillan and Co.

Spieth, Jakob. 1906. Die Ewe-Stämme: Material zur Kunde des Ewe-Volkes in Deutsch-Togo [The Ewe tribes: Materials on the Ewe people in German Togo]. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.

Spieth, Jakob. 1906. Die Eweer: Schilderung von Land und Leuten in Deutsch-Togo [The Ewe: Description of country and people in German Togo]. Bremen: In Kommission bei der Norddeutschen Missions-Gesellschaft. English translation 2011.

Spieth, Jakob. 2011. The Ewe People: A Study of the Ewe People in German Togo. Edited by Komla Amoaku. Translated by Marcellinus Edroh et al. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers.

Stack, Edward. 1908. The Mikirs. Edited by Charles Lyall. London: David Nutt.

Stack, James West. 1898. South Island Maoris: A Sketch of Their History and Legendary Lore. Christchurch: Whitcomb & Tombs.

Steinen, Karl von den. 1886. Durch Central-Brasilien: Expedition zur Erforschung des Schingú im Jahre 1884 [Through Central Brazil: Expedition to explore the Xingu in 1884]. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus. Portuguese translation São Paulo 1942.

Steinen, Karl von den. 1892. Die Bakaïri-Sprache: Wörterverzeichniss, Sätze, Sagen, Grammatik; mit Beiträgen zu einer Lautlehre der Karaïbischen Grundsprache [The Bakairi language: Vocabulary, proverbs, legends, grammar; with contributions to a phonetics of the basic Carib language]. Leipzig: Koehler.

Steinen, Karl von den. 1894. Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens: Reiseschilderung und Ergebnisse der zweiten Schingú-Expedition 1887–1888 [Among the natural peoples of Central Brazil: Travel account and results of the Second Xingu Expedition 1887–1888]. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. 2nd abridged ed. published as Volksausgabe, 1897. Portuguese translation São Paulo 1940.

Stevenson, Matilda Coxe. 1894. “The Sia.” In Eleventh Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1889–’90, 5–157. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Stevenson, Matilda Coxe. 1904. “The Zuñi Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Societies, and Ceremonies.” In Twenty-Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1901–1902, 1–608. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Strehlow, Carl Friedrich Theodor. 1907–20. Die Aranda- und Loritja-Stämme in Zentral-Australien [The Arunta and Luritcha tribes of Central Australia]. 5 vols. in 7 parts. Frankfurt am Main: Joseph Baer & Co.

Stuebel, Oskar. 1896. Samoanische Texte, unter Beihülfe von Eingeborenen Gesammelt und Übersetzt [Samoan texts, collected and translated with the help of Indigenous people]. Berlin: Königlichen Museum für Volkerkunde.

Swanton, John Reed. 1905a. Contributions to the Ethnology of the Haida. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 8/1; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 5/1). 

Swanton, John Reed. 1905b. Haida Texts and Myths: Skidegate Dialect. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 29).

Swanton, John Reed. 1908. “Social Condition, Beliefs, and Linguistic Relationship of the Tlingit Indians.” In Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1904–1905, 391–485. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Swanton, John Reed. 1909. Tlingit Myths and Texts. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 39).

Swanton, John Reed. 1911. Indian Tribes of the Lower Mississippi Valley and Adjacent Coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 43).

Swanton, John Reed. 1922. Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, no. 73.)

Talbot, Dorothy Amaury. 1915. Woman’s Mysteries of a Primitive People: The Ibibios of Southern Nigeria. London/New York/Toronto/Melbourne: Cassell and Co.

Talbot, Percy Amaury. 1912. In the Shadow of the Bush. New York: George H. Doran/London: William Heinemann.

Talbot, Percy Amaury. 1926. The Peoples of Southern Nigeria: A Sketch of Their History, Ethnology and Languages, with an Abstract of the 1921 Census. 4 vols. London: Humphrey Milford.

Teit, James. 1900. The Thompson Indians of British Columbia. Edited with a chapter on art and the conclusions of the volume by Franz Boas. New York: Published by Order of the Trustees [AMNH] (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 2/4; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 1/4.

Teit, James. 1906. The Lillooet Indians. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 4/5; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 2/5).

Teit, James. 1909. The Shuswap. Leiden, E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 4/7; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 2/7).

Teit, James. 1912. Mythology of the Thompson Indians. Leiden: E. J. Brill/New York: G. E. Stechert (Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 12/2; Publications of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition 8/2).

Te Matohoranga and Nepia Pohuhu. 1913–15. The Lore of the Whare-wānanga, or Teachings of the Maori College on Religion, Cosmogony, and History. Written down by Hoani Te Whatahoro Jury. Translated with an introduction by Stephenson Percy Smith. New Plymouth: Thomas Avery, The Polynesian Society.

Temple, Richard Carnac. 1884. Legends of the Panjâb. 2 vols. London: Trübner & Co.; Bombay: Education Society’s Press.

Tessmann, Günther, 1913. Die Pangwe: Völkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes [The Fang: Ethnographic monograph of a West African Black tribe]. Ergebnisse der Lübecker Pangwe-Expedition 1907–1909 und früherer Forschungen 1904–1907. 2 vols. Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth.

Thomas, Northcote W. 1910. Anthropological Report on the Edo-Speaking Peoples of Nigeria. 2 vols. London: Harrison & Sons.

Thomas, Northcote W. 1913–14. Anthropological Report on the Ibo-Speaking Peoples of Nigeria. 6 vols. London: Harrison & Sons.

Thomas, Northcote W. 1916. Anthropological Report on Sierra Leone. 3 vols. London: Harrison & Sons.

Thomson, Basil. 1908. The Fijians: A Study of the Decay of Custom. London: William Heynemann.

Thrum, Thomas G. 1907. Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends. Chicago: A. C. McLurg & Co.

Thurnwald, Richard. 1916. Banaro Society: Social Organization and Kinship System of a Tribe in the Interior of New Guinea. New York: American Anthropological Association (Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 8).

Thurnwald, Richard. 1921. Die Gemeinde der Bánaro: Ehe, Verwandtschaft und Gesellschaftsbau eines Stammes im Innern von Neu-Guinea (aus den Ergebnissen einer Forschungsreise 1913–25); Ein Beitrag zur Entstehungsgeschichte von Familie und Staat [The Banaro community: Marriage, kinship, and social system of a tribe in the interior of New Guinea (from the results of a research journey 1913–25); A contribution to the genesis of family and state]. Stuttgart: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke.

Torii, Ryūzō. 1902. Kōtōsho Dozoku chōsa hōkoku [Research report on the customs of Botel Tobago Aborigines]. Tōkyō Teikoku Daigaku, Jinruigaku Kyōshitsu [Tokyo Imperial University, Institute of Anthropology].

Torii, Ryūzō. 1907. Byōzoku chōsa hōkoku [Research report on the Miao]. Tōkyō Teikoku Daigaku, Jinruigaku Kyōshitsu [Tokyo Imperial University, Institute of Anthropology].

Torii, Ryūzō. 1919. “Etudes archéologiques et ethnologiques: Les Aïnou des Iles Kouriles.” Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 42.

Tremearne, Arthur John Newman. 1912. The Tailed Head-Hunters of Nigeria: An Account of an Official’s Seven Years’ Experiences in the Northern Nigerian Pagan Belt, and a Description of the Manners, Habits, and Customs of Some of Its Native Tribes. London: Seeley, Service & Co.

Tremearne, Arthur John Newman. 1913. Hausa Superstitions and Customs: An Introduction to the Folk-Lore and the Folk. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson.

Tremearne, Arthur John Newman. 1914. The Ban of the Bori: Demons and Demon-Dancing in West and North Africa. London: Heath, Cranton & Ouseley.

Trilles, Henri. 1912a. Le totémisme chez les Fân [Totemism among the Fang]. Preface by Monseigneur Alexandre Le Roy. Münster: Bibliothek Anthropos.

Trilles, Henri. 1912b. Chez les Fang, ou Quinze années de séjour au Congo français [Among the Fang, or fifteen years in the French Congo]. Lilles/Paris/Bruges: Société Saint-Augustin, Desclée, De Brouwer et Cie.

Tsybikov, Gombozhab Tsebekovich. 1919. Buddist palomnik u sviatyn’ Tibeta: Po dnevnikam, vedennym v 1899–1902 gg. [A Buddhist pilgrim to the holy sites of Tibet: According to fieldnotes from 1899–1902]. Petrograd: Rusckoe geograficheskoe obshchestvo.

Turi, Johan. 1910. Muitalus sámiid birra: En bog om lappernes liv [An Account of the Sámi: A book about the life of the Lapps]. Translated and edited with an introduction by Emilie Demant Hatt. Stockholm: A.-B. Nordiska Bokhandeln.

Turi, Johan. 1931 [1910]. Turi’s Book of Lappland.Translated by E. G. Nash. London: Jonathan Cape.

Turi, Johan. 2012 [1910]. An Account of the Sámi: A Translation of Muitalus sámiid birra, Based on the Sámi Original. Translated by Mikael Svonni and Thomas A. DuBois. Karasjok: ČálliidLágádus.

Turner, George. 1884. Samoa: A Hundred Years Ago and Long Before, Together with Notes on the Cults and Customs of Twenty-Three Other Islands in the Pacific. Preface by Edward B. Tylor. London: MacMillan and Co.

Van Gennep, Arnold. 1914. En Algérie [In Algeria]. Paris: Mercure de France.

Volkov, Fedor Kondrat’evich. 1916. “Ėtnograficheskie osobennosti ukrainskogo naroda” [Ethnographic characteristics of the Ukrainian people]. In Ukrainskiĭ narod v ego proshlom i nastoi͡ashchem [The Ukrainian people in its past and present], edited by F. K. Volkov, M. S. Grushevskiĭ, M. M. Kovalevskiĭ, F. E. Korsh, A. E. Krymskiĭ, M. I. Tugan’-Baranovskiĭ, and A. A. Shakhmatov, 455–647. Petrograd: Tipografiia tov-va “Obshchestvennaia pol’za.”

Volters, Eduards [Voliteri E. A.] 1887. Ob etnograficheskoi poezdke po Litve i Zmydi letom 1887 goda [About an ethnographic trip to Lithuanians and Zhmud’ in the summer of 1887]. St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaia akademiia nauk.

Volters, Eduards [Voliteri E. A.] 1901. Spiski naselennykh mest Suvalkskoi gubernii, kak materialy dlia istoriko-etnograficheskoi geografii kraia [Lists of inhabited settlements of the Suvalki Guberniia as material for a historical and ethnographic geography of the region].St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaia akademiia nauk.

Voth, Heinrich (Henry) Richard. 1901. The Oraibi Powamu Ceremony. Field Columbian Museum Publication, 61; Anthropological Series, 3/2. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum.

Walker, James R. 1917. The Sun Dance and Other Ceremonies of the Oglala Division of the Teton Dakota. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

Wehrli, Hans Jacob. 1904. Beitrag zur Ethnologie der Chingpaw (Kachin) von Ober-Burma. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Wessmann, Richard. 1908. The Bawenda of the Spelonken (Transvaal): A Contribution towards the Psychology and Folk-lore of African Peoples. Translated from the German by Leo Weinthal. London: The African World Ltd.

Westermarck, Edward. 1914. Marriage Ceremonies in Morocco. London: Macmillan.

Westermarck, Edward. 1926. Ritual and Belief in Morocco. 2 vols. London: Macmillan.

Weule, Karl. 1908. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse meiner ethnographischen Forschungsreise in den Südosten Deutsch-Ostafrikas [Scholarly results from my ethnographic expedition to the south-eastern parts of German East Africa]. Berlin: Mittler (Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Ergänzungshefte, 1).

White, John. 1879–90. The Ancient History of the Maori, His Mythology and Traditions: Horo-Uta or Taki-Tumu Migration. Wellington: George Didsbury, Government Printer.

White, Walter Grainge. 1922. The Sea Gipsies of Malaya: An Account of the Nomadic Mawken People of the Mergui Archipelago with a Description of Their Ways of Living, Customs, Habits, Boats, Occupations, etc. etc. London: Seeley, Service & Co.

Wilken, George Alexander. 1884–85. Het animisme bij de volken van den Indischen archipel [Animism among the peoples of the East Indian archipelago]. Amsterdam: J. H. de Bussy/Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Wilken, George Alexander. 1921. The Sociology of Malayan Peoples: Being Three Essays on Kinship, Marriage, and Inheritance in Indonesia. Translated by G. Hunt. Introduction by C. O. Blagden. Kuala Lumpur: Committee for Malay Studies (Papers on Malay Subjects, 2nd series, Malayan Sociology, 5).

Wilkin, Anthony. 1900. Among the Berbers of Algeria. London: T. Fisher Unwin Ltd.

Wilkinson, Richard James. 1906. Malay Beliefs. London: Luzac & Co./Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Williamson, Robert Wood. 1912. The Mafulu Mountain People of British New Guinea. Introduction by A. C. Haddon. London: Macmillan & Co.

Williamson, Robert Wood. 1914. The Ways of the South Sea Savage: A Record of Travel & Observation Amongst the Savages of the Solomon Islands & Primitive Coast & Mountain Peoples of New Guinea. London: Seeley, Service & Co.

Wissler, Clark, and D. C. Duvall. 1908. Mythology of the Blackfoot Indians. New York: Published by Order of the Trustees [AMNH] (Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 2/1).

Witort, Jan.1898. Zarysy prawa zwyczajowego ludu litewskiego [Patterns of Lithuanian customary law]. Lwów: Nakładem Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego [Polish Folklore Society].

Wollaston, Alexander Frederick Richmond. 1912. Pygmies & Papuans: The Stone Age To-day in Dutch New Guinea. With appendices by William Robert Ogilvie-Grant, Alfred C. Haddon, Sidney Herbert Ray. New York: Sturgis & Walton Company.

Young, Ernest. 1898. The Kingdom of the Yellow Robe, Being Sketches of the Domestic and Religious Rites and Ceremonies of the Siamese. London: Archibald Constable & Co.

Are you aware of any ethnographic monographs published between 1870 and 1922 that are not listed here? If so, please include the titles, with complete bibliographic details, in the “Leave a Comment” box below, and we will add them to this list.